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Who prescribing indicators pdf
Who prescribing indicators pdf. Sep 1, 2021 · It includes the prescribing indicators, the patient care indicators, and the facility indicators. Background Enhancing the standards of medical treatment at all levels of the healthcare delivery system The WHO core prescribing indicators were used to describe the pattern of prescribing, and the most commonly prescribed medicines were identified. According to the estimation of the World Health Organization (WHO), greater than 50% of medicines are prescribed and dispensed irrationally. The Nov 27, 2020 · The prescribing indicators evaluate the practice of prescribers in five key areas (% of drugs prescribed by generic name, average number of drugs per prescription, % of prescriptions containing antibiotics, % of prescriptions containing injectable drugs, and % of drugs prescribed from the latest edition of national Essential Drug Lists (EDL) or To achieve this objective the WHO in collaboration with the International Network of Ra-tional Use of Drugs (INRUD) has developed core drug use indicators to evaluate and compare practices in health care settings, which includes indicators on pre-scribing, patients-care and health care facilities [12]. May 20, 2021 · Selected WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators. Methods: It was an observational prospective study carried out in pediatric in Nov 2, 2018 · Assessment of drug prescription patterns at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital revealed that polypharmacy and prescription writing using brand names were common and there appears to be a crucial need for the development of prescribing guidelines when it comes to antibiotics. The formula adopted from the WHO’s manual for the assessment prescribing indicators used in this study are as follows: 1. The final versions of the pretested indicators are described below. 0%, respectively. 2%), and salbutamol (15. Dad, M. We aim to conduct a systematic review of changes in prescribing patterns in the WHO African region and comparison with WHO indicators in two time periods 1995–2005 and 2006–2015. Apart from the primary use of WHO core prescribing indicators in evaluating the prescriptions, a secondary level follow-up assessment based on the diagnosis and treatment was undertaken to scrutinize the core drug indicators in issue. Prescription indicators allow the therapeutic actions taken in similar institutions to be ascertained, enabling subsequent comparison of parameters between them, evaluating the population's medication needs, and determining the most frequently used Nov 2, 2018 · p> Background: In order to promote rational drug use in developing countries, assessment of drug use pattern using the World Health Organization drug use indicators is important. The appropriate use of medicines gives us assessment of the quality of health services being Jul 19, 2016 · Prescribing indicators measurement. 8), percentage of medicines prescribed by generic Assessment of drug use patterns with the WHO core drug prescribing indicators is becoming increasingly necessary to promote rational drug use in developing countries. 502 prescriptions were randomly collected over a period of one month and recorded over a ‘prescribing indicator form’. Oct 22, 2019 · A prospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the current prescribing practices including antibiotics use in six community pharmacies in Asmara. The World HealthOrganization (WHO) standardized and validated core prescribing indicators for evaluating May 7, 2021 · Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the pattern of major drug groups prescribed, assess the Rational Prescription pattern by measuring the WHO Core Prescribing Indicators and to Around 1000 prescriptions were collected randomly from medical college pharmacies. A. The studied health centres in Ilala district had an average of 1. 8% of prescriptions were legible with The three main indicators are prescribing indicators, facility indicators and patient care indicators. Methods Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, Africa-Wide Nipad Feb 15, 2019 · Prescribing indicators include the number of drugs prescribing per encounter, the percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name, the percentage of encounter by injection and antibiotics prescription, and the percentage of drugs prescribed from essential drug list (EDL). Rahman, A. Complacency in prescribing results in errors which can even cause adverse Nov 30, 2021 · Among the prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs per encounter was 4. Copy link Link copied. 3%). Information regarding the patient, doctor, drug, and legibility of the prescription were obtained. 0 Aug 1, 2020 · Download full-text PDF Read full-text. Though the process of diagnosis and pharmaceutical care is complex, World Health Organization (WHO)/international network for rational use of drugs (INRUD) core drug use indicators investigate drug use to minimize the hazardous effect of the drug and enhance the wise use of scares resources. From injectables, diclofenac and tramadol were most common from analgesics and ceftriaxone was the most common from antibacterials. Aug 22, 2016 · Background Rational medicine use is essential to optimize quality of healthcare delivery and resource utilization. On the other hand, research on drug use patterns in the private Jan 30, 2017 · The rest of prescribing indicators including the injections prescribing, antibiotics prescribing, and prescribing from the essential drug list were within the optimal range of values recommended A base line survey on prescribing indicators and underlying factors influencing prescribing in southern Ethiopia, Ethiopia . Rational drug use requires that patients receive and take medication appropriately. he indicators are based on the practice observed in samples of clinical encounters taking place at Oct 30, 2016 · Most of the prescriptions were incomplete and poly-pharmacy was evident in this study, and doctors need to be made aware about the errors and the recommended guidelines. 5, 23. Aug 11, 2020 · Data were collected following the pre-tested structured questionnaire and standard antibiotic prescribing indicators generated by the WHO, and we used a questionnaire adapted from similar studies. 6% and 9. Download citation. These are very useful references, based on international expert consensus. According to WHO recommendations, at least 600 encounters should be included in a cross-sectional survey in order to describe the prescribing indicators . Bad prescribing habits lead Created Date: Tue Jul 18 08:44:35 2000 The components of core indicators are: prescribing indicator, patient indicator, and facility indicator. 99 (SD = 0. The WHO core indicators of prescribing practices measure the performance of health-care providers in key dimensions related to the appropriate use of drugs. 6(4), 2014,195-199 Adherence to Prescription Format and Compliance with Who Core Prescribing Indicators H. Sci. 700 patient prescriptions were Table-1: A table showing the data based on WHO prescribin g indicators. A data collection form was developed to capture antibiotic utilization patterns and data was recorded into it. 2014;6(2):29. Feb 1, 2015 · As to this, the performance of prescribers is measured by prescribing indicators, whereas patient-care indicators measure the time spent by prescribers and dispensers for each patient. S. One of the effects of prescription errors is irrational prescribing. The prescribing indicators that were measured included: 1. The mean number of drugs prescribed was 2. The values of WHO prescribing indicators obtained from this study show that there are some areas where the Abstract Patterns of prescribing and use of pharmaceuticals by physicians and patients in Jordan have not previously been studied. A total of 1,318 prescriptions were analyzed. 96, 93. Prescriptions were assessed for WHO core prescribing indicators and legibility. WHO drug use indicators (Box 1) can be used to iden-tify general prescribing and quality of care problems at primary health care facilities. Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names 3. 7) medicines prescribed per consultation and an average of 84% (n = 510) of the antibiotics were prescribed by generic name. They also make the prescriber vulnerable to influences which can cause irrational prescribing, such as patient pressure, bad example of colleagues and high-powered salesmanship. The findings of this study revealed that drug utilization pattern were not optimal in accordance with the standard values of WHO prescribing indicators, with a higher tendency of polypharmacy and over prescription of antibiotics. The data was analyzed Jun 25, 2021 · Background. Outpatient prescriptions from all the major clinical departments available at hospital pharmacies were analyzed using the WHO prescribing indicators. 1, 6, 27 Indicators are categorized into prescribing indicators, hospital indicators, patient care indicators, and complementary indicators. Mar 1, 2017 · The findings of this study revealed that drug utilization pattern was not optimal in accordance with the standard values of WHO prescribing patterns. Hence, this study was aimed to analyze the prescribing indicator which will help to promote rational use of drugs so as to improve the quality of treatment given. 6%), folic acid (18. The WHO Nov 8, 2016 · The data relating to the prescribing indicators was noted for each prescription and then recorded into a standard WHO prescribing indicator form (World Health Organization 1993). Introduction: Drug utilization research is an important tool to facilitate rational use of drugs. Oct 20, 2023 · Background Healthcare systems in both developing and developed countries were not free from prescription errors. The WHO prescribing indicators were pretested and slight modification was made to make it applicable in Indian scenario before using in this study. Read full-text. Khan, A. Drugs were prescribed by generic name and from essential drug list, but this was not sufficient to meet the ideal values of WHO Core Prescribing Indicator. Apr 29, 2023 · Background: The study aimed to get drug utilization pattern using WHO prescribing indicators in pediatric patients. Background: Nowadays, irrational uses of drugs, particularly prescription errors are adversely affecting global health and pose problems. Download full-text PDF. 3 and H. pdf Available via license: CC BY 2. Jun 25, 2021 · WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators: All prescriptions dispensed from the out-patient pharmacy of each health center were taken as the source population; however, only those prescriptions dispensed from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 were taken as study populations. Babar, S. Percentage of prescription with an injection prescribed 4. The three main indicators are prescribing indicators, facility indicators and patient care indicators. Hussain, Z. J. The five most commonly prescribed medicines were paracetamol (31. 11 Hence the present study Jan 8, 2022 · The World Health Organization prescribing indicators were used as a standard data collection tool for the evaluation and investigation of prescribing practices. In low income countries irrational use of drugs is a common problem like overuse of drugs and inappropriate use of antibiotics, leading to May 9, 2021 · PDF | Irrational prescribing of drugs is the main problem that affects globally. The WHO Operational Package for Assessing, Monitoring and Evaluating Country Aug 1, 2020 · Evidence is provided for the necessity and a way forward for the establishment of an ASP in the hospital that may help to introduce the prescribing of antibiotics with the aid of culture and sensitivity tests, and to develop institutional guidelines. Prescribing indicators were investigated in Dec 7, 2018 · The study provides an insight into the prescribing pattern in orthopedic in-patients and highlights the importance of emphasizing rational drug prescribing and toward improving awareness of the physicians and medical students to the WHO recommended standards on prescribing indicators. Background: In order to promote rational drug use in developing countries, assessment of drug use pattern using A retrospective analysis of prescribing practices through WHO prescribing indicators at four selected hospitals of West Ethiopia. Background: Prescription writing is an important means of therapeutic intervention by the doctor and reflects his approach towards safe prescribing. P. The aim of this study is to audit the prescriptions in outpatients departments as per WHO core prescribing indicators for rational use of drugs. Assessment of drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators at Hawassa University teaching and referral hospital, south Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. It describes the methods for computing the indicators and highlights their applicability as well as limitations in evaluating the patterns of medicines usage. WHO treatment guidelines for common diseases, such as acute respiratory tract infections, diarrhoeal diseases, malaria and other parasitic diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, leprosy and others. The document has moved here. May 7, 2013 · Assessment of drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators at Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital, South Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. 1 (IQR 2. This communication focuses on the World Health Organization's prescribing indicators. A cross sectional study was conducted in Out Patient Department of Primary Care Hospital in Warangal. Average number of drugs per prescription 2. Bukhsh Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan Abstract The study was done to see the prescription format and The National Prescribing Indicators (NPIs) for 2022-2025 include indicators for primary and secondary care, with a focus on the following priority areas: Analgesics (including opioids, tramadol, and gabapentin and pregabalin) Anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation dispensaries or hospital outpatient departments. ijmrr. A total of 1203 drugs were prescribed from the 604 analysed prescriptions. Vol. Indicators, Monitoring and Assessment 10-12 July 2006, Geneva Switzerland. The results of prescribing indicators were 1. Jan 29, 2021 · A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed to identify core prescribing indicators and commonly prescribed medicines. Objective: Evaluating the prescribing indicators regularly help to monitor the prescriptions to reduce May 7, 2013 · Prescribing indicators. Pharm. 3%), atorvastatin (16. 6% of encounters resulted in the prescription of antibiotics Jan 6, 2021 · Background:Rational prescribing remains an important component of rational drug use. A total of 600 encounters were reviewed using the WHO core prescribing indicators between May 5 and May 12, 2019 using stratified random sampling technique. , Njikam A, and Scouflaire S. 0, 36. Focused drug use evaluation (drug utilization review) can be done to identify problems concerning the use of specific medicines or the treatment of specific diseases, particularly in hospitals. J Bioanal Biomed. The indicators allow health boards, primary care clusters, GP practices and prescribers to compare their current prescribing practice against an agreed standard of quality. Sep 1, 2021 · The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were used as a standard terminology for Medline and were adapted to other sources. For 2022-2025, the National Prescribing Indicators: Supporting Safe and Optimised Prescribing focus on the following priority areas: Jan 15, 2024 · The standard World Health Organization prescribing indicators and AWaRe categorization of antibiotics were used to assess the prescribing practices of physicians/surgeons. These set of indicators could be used as benchmarks to enable the introduction of antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) in different healthcare settings [2, 3, 15]. WHO core prescribing indicators Drugs prescribed Drugs prescribed by generic name Antibiotics Injections Drugs from EDL Available online at: www. 3 overall Nov 30, 2021 · Evaluated the prescribing practices and antibiotic utilization patterns so that the extent of irrational use can be assessed by comparing them with published ideal values set by WHO, significant deviation was observed. These indicators aim to measure the performance of health care providers in several important areas pertaining to appropriate or rational use of drugs. Materials & Methods: 1050 prescriptions were audited over a period of two months in a tertiary care hospital in Jharkhand. Prescriptions were obtained from five major specialties, namely Keywords: Prescribing indicators; WHO; Rational drug use; Antibiotics; Injections Introduction Indicators of prescribing practice measure the performance of health care providers in several key dimensions related appropriate use of drugs. WHO prescribing indicators only record what is prescribed and does not address the reason why the problem exists. Understanding the . 0%), omeprazole (20. 3–4. 22. This study aimed to measure the drug prescribing performance of primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia, using the WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs core drug prescribing indicators. Bad prescribing habits lead to ineffective and unsafe treatment, exacerbation or prolongation of illness, distress and harm to the patient, and higher costs. Background: Medicines play a crucial role in the healthcare delivery of a hospital. Jan 8, 2021 · Based on the WHO core prescribing indicators, a total of 600 prescriptions were analyzed. health Dev, 1998;12 (2) 87-93 X Mallet H. Electronic prescribing systems are themselves associated with a new pattern of errors [9]. Jul 29, 2020 · The assessment of prescribing practice using WHO core prescribing indicators revealed that the percentage of encounters with antibacterials and injectables was 42. Babar et al /J. Nov 27, 2020 · A institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study to assess the prescribing patterns in governmental hospitals of Dessie town revealed the use of standard presecription papers at both hospitals, with a significant deviation from the acceptable WHO standard for prescribing antibiotics. & Res. The indicators were pretested, and slight modification was made so that they could be used easily to provide accurate data. The prescribing indicators are less useful in specialty outpatient clinics in referral hospitals, where the drug use pattern is more complex. Maqsood, H. Background Irrational prescribing of antibiotics is a universal public health problem, leading to antibiotic resistance. M. in ptions were legible with ease while 66. Aug 22, 2016 · The results of prescribing indicators were determined as follows; average number of medicines prescribed per patient encounter = 3. 2, 18. Desalegn AA. Found. We retrospectively evaluated pharmaceutical drug prescribing practices in 21 primary health care facilities in Irbid governorate, northern Jordan using World Health Organization-recommended core indicators. For the present study, we took the prescribing indicators which are as follows: 1. Evaluation of prescription practices and the rational use of medicines in Niger, Niger pharmaceutical Journal; 2001; 11 (3); 185- 96 XI Otoom S May 20, 2021 · In order to assess the prescribing practices using WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators (average number of medicines prescribed per consultation, the percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name, the percentage of encounters where an antibiotic was prescribed, the percentage of encounters where injections were prescribed and medicines prescribed May 7, 2013 · Prescribing indicators. The search was performed using the Boolean operators ("AND" & "OR") with a combination of drug utilization research or WHO prescribing indicators, India with the following keywords: prescription monitoring, drug utilization study, WHO, World Health Organization Nov 1, 2012 · PDF | Appropriate use of drugs is an essential element in achieving quality of health and medical care for patients and the community as a whole. 3% of drugs were prescribed by generic name, 39. The WHO prescribing indicators were used in this study. 9,10 Without an accurate understanding of how drugs are being prescribed and used, it is difficult to suggest measures to improve the prescribing habits. To investigate the drug use in health facilities, the WHO has recommended core prescribing indicators.
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